Animals and Zoology

Analysis Of Sonnet 116 By William Lynn - 1284 Words

‘’what is love Love is an intense feeling of affection, which every individual have had as an experience either in the past or present thereby referring or claiming it as true love. In order words, my question goes like this, does love seem to be true in a literary context, is there any emotional bond that actually proves love to be pure according to psychological criticism of ‘’Texts and Context,’’ book by ‘’Steven Lynn.’’ And can we see love as honest and true, if we answered yes to all these, then how can we relate it to our personal lives and what is our own definition of true love or real love. According to my close reading analysis of Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare, is a fourteen line poem that is organized into three quatrains, ending with a rhymed couplet. Not only that it also has a regular stress partner which makes the reader to go through some difficulty in understanding what the author is trying to convey in his poem writing. The first quatrain of the poem began with a statement to puzzle upon ‘’Let me not to the marriage of true mind, Admit impediments’’ Here, the poet is trying to define love as ‘’ the marriage of true minds, and therefore claims that he doesn’t wish to find any fault with people who already are in love, therefore the author strongly believed that for love to be real then there shouldn’t be any form of impediments to it. In other words, the word ‘’impediments’’ stops the second lines of the iambic pentameter with its

Foundations in Accounting Analyze Crisis or Risk -free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Chinese Stock Market Krash in 2015. Answer: Inflation rate As per the CPI data of the historical analysis of inflation rate in China it has been observed that there had been no repercussions of crash of the stock market on inflation rate in China. It has been further seen that in the 2015, the inflation rate in China was 1.44%, which was 0.48% lower in terms of 2014 and 1.24 % lower in terms of 2013. Hence, it can be seen that despite of crash in the stock market on inflation rate in China was not affected largely (Media, 2017). The various types of future analysis have shown that in 2016 the inflation rate increased to 2%. Hence, it could be seen that the bank started charging more interest and people are to spend more amount of money for higher standard of living even when there was no crash in the stock market. Budget deficit/GDP In 2015, it was observed that Chinas budget deficit was higher than it was in the previous years. The reason for this was mainly due to the increasing fiscal spending by the government to boost economic growth. There has been seen to be a 2.7% deficit in the budget of China, which is a decrease from record low of 2.8% in 2009. Debt/ GDP Based on the current findings it has been seen that the present approximate debt of China stands at CN 28 trillion, which is seen to be close to 41% of the total GDP of the country. It was declared by IMF in 2015 that the financial sector reforms were progressing in an uneven pace. These very evident from banks being providing little incentive for seeking better projects and correctly pricing of risks. In addition to this, the International monetary fund also reported several negative impacts of crash of the stock market, which increased the contingent liability shocks in the large-scale banks associated to recapitalization of the financial system. Income inequality (Gini) China is seen to be having the worlds highest level of income inequality with the 1% of the rich population owning one third of the countrys wealth (Ft.com, 2017).Several other study has been able to show that the poorest 25% of the households in China are seen to own 1% of total wealth. The Gini coefficient for income in 2012 was seen to be 0.49. The standard coefficient of income inequality suggested by World Bank is seen to be 0.4%. Corruption (Transparency) President Xi Jinping has been seen conduct several campaigns to highlight the corruptions, which are going on in the country. The country has been seen to be fighting corruption for zero tolerance stances and fastening of the cage of regulations. Some of the main form of corruption that is seen in terms of organization to run personal business, which is not tolerable in China. The countrys main hot topics in 2015 associated to challenges are seen to be in form of cyberspace crime. The country has shown vast potential in terms of ethical hacking but at the same time, it has faced severe socialism issues associated to conduct innovative activities associated to cybercrime (Steven Jiang, 2017). Current account As the GDP was seen to be largest in 2015 it was also observed that the current account were largest 2.72%. In terms of dollar value, China was seen to be holding a record of maintaining $ 293 billion as current account value along with a trade surplus of 3.42%. The surplus was seen to be widely accepted by fall in the imports by 10% and falling import prices to some extent. The net income and the net transfer are not identified as the fundamental component behind current account as it showed little change from the former year (PIIE, 2016). Main specialization of the country The sectorial contribution in the GDP of China has shown that the country is mainly based on service industry with more than 50.5% contributions made in 2015. The industries are further seen to contribute 40.5%. Hence, the main specialization has been seen in terms of industries and services. In addition to this, China has been seen to be adopting agent-based financial model in the market with various types of preferred strategies for providing empirical validations on full market scale. The comprehensive study has been able to show that the strategies are synchronous to the stock returns whereas forms of the second group order have a negative correlation. Political stability/instability The political stability in the country is seen to be relatively low due to various types of legal and regulatory transparency and emergence of new markets. The political system in China has also shown very little transparency in doing business and greater form of risk for the new investors and foreign companies. Some instances of instability has been seen in terms of corporate filings and other accounts not been treated in the same way as it is done in several types of European countries and the United States. There has been further seen to be various conflicts associated to interest between suppliers, buyers and companies (Business Insurance, 2017). Recent trends in economic and political situation The political situation of China is divided into five categories namely unitary state, socialist estate, one-party state, peoples democratic dictatorship and communist state. Based on the present findings the Communist party is seen to be holding an effective power at national level with its general secretary appointed as Xi Jinping. The continued investment has been able to fuel the economy largely. The country is seen to be ranking ninth in terms of maintaining the highest level of nominal gross domestic product. In the recent times, it is considered at the world leader in the manufacturing hub (FocusEconomics, 2017). Disequilibrium or Crisis Episode The disequilibrium with the crisis episode was seen with 8.5% drop in the Shanghai Composite index. However, the country was seen to tackle the global economic crisis in an effective manner in compared to the other countries. The main supporting factor in the crisis episode was seen with a GDP rate higher than 9% and in terms of the sound fiscal position. The various types of policies a further seen to foster the economic growth of the country and curbing the imbalances in the macroeconomic level. Outlook and Ratings At the start of 2015, the price-earnings ratio of the country was seen to be 26%. These particular ratings were observed to be the peak ratings, which were achieved by the country in the stock market bubble during 1929. The good market indicator of the P/E ratio was another factor for overcoming the crash of the Shanghai stock exchange in 2015. It is an further seen to be showing an impressive economic growth with 7 to 10% growth annually whereas other countries such as United States has shown the potential of only 2 to 3% every year (Vox, 2015). Conclusion Based on the several analysis, it has been found that more than thousand listed companies, which were worth market capitalization to nearly one third of the overall GDP. The various discourses has been further developed to state that the country has been able to maintain a competitive inflation rate even during economic crisis and crashing of stock market. However, some of the limitations have been found in terms of non-transparency in the political context and providing better opportunities to the emerging markets. The various types of effective economic measures taken by the government have been able to curb the negative impacts during financial crisis. A maintaining a good P/E ratio has been further seen to be conducive in tackling several types of situation such as discussed in the study. References Allen, K. (2015).Why is China's stock market in crisis?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/08/china-stock-market-crisis-explained [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Business Insurance. (2017).Political stability in China comes with little transparency - Business Insurance. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/99999999/NEWS03/120309887/political-stability-in-china-comes-with-little-transparency [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Economist.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/business-and-finance/21662092-china-sneezing-rest-world-rightly-nervous-causes-and-consequences-chinas [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. FocusEconomics | Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists. (2017).China Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest Rate. [online] Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/china [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Ft.com. (2017).China income inequality among worlds worst. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/3c521faa-baa6-11e5-a7cc-280dfe875e28 [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Media, T. (2017).Historic inflation China historic CPI inflation China. [online] Inflation.eu. Available at: https://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/china/historic-inflation/cpi-inflation-china.aspx [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. PIIE. (2016).Chinas Current Account in 2015: A Growing Trade Surplus. [online] Available at: https://piie.com/blogs/china-economic-watch/chinas-current-account-2015-growing-trade-surplus [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Steven Jiang, C. (2017).China's 2015: Fighting corruption, tightening grip. [online] CNN. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/12/china/china-2015-look-ahead/ [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017]. Vox. (2015).Why investors are so worried about the global economy, explained. [online] Available at: https://www.vox.com/2015/8/25/9205663/stock-market-crash-explained [Accessed 30 Apr. 2017].

The Perks of Dynamic Stretching Essay Example

The Perks of Dynamic Stretching Essay How to Prepare Your Muscles for Athletic Performance Dynamic Stretching Dynamic stretching consists of functional based exercises which use sport specific movements to prepare the body for movement. Dynamic flexibility has been used successfully by trainers and coaches to increase flexibility and possibly lower the incidence of injury. The main benefit of using dynamic stretching just before a sporting event or fitness routine is that, because dynamic stretches use motions similar to those that an athlete under takes, they effectively simulate a performance experience. For example, doing kicking stretches before soccer or a similar sport will effectively warm up the limbs and body to anticipate specific challenges. The same applies to upper body motions such as circular arm stretching. Plyometrics Plyometrics or plyos for short, are a type of exercise designed to produce fast and powerful movements. They are generally used by athletes to improve performance in sports, especially those that involve speed, quickness and power. 1. Better Performance For those who enjoy sports like track and field, plyometric exercise can greatly benefit running speed. If running isn’t your game, perhaps you would like to punch harder or throw farther. Plyometric exercise helps you achieve any athletic goal. 2. Developing Muscle Power Plyometric exercise gives your legs and muscles an intense exercise which guarantees an increase in muscle potential. 3. Enhancing Your Ability to Burn Calories An increased muscular endurance and ability to burn calories would come to great use for someone hoping to build a weight loss routine. 4. Increasing Your Muscular Endurance We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Dynamic Stretching specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Dynamic Stretching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Dynamic Stretching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If you are an athlete and you have a big competition coming up, plyometric exercising will help intensify your energy and increase your stamina just in time for the main event. Since plyometric exercising builds up an explosive amount of intense energy, it could be just the thing for an athlete to have in their training routine. 5. No Extreme Exercising Equipment is Needed Exercise equipment can be expensive, and plyometric exercising doesn’t require any. Anything that is needed could be easily found lying around the house. 6. Easily Calibrated to Suit Anyone’s Needs Plyometric exercising can be as simple as jumping on a trampoline several times a day or even using your old jump rope from back in the day. For someone looking for a little more intense workout, perhaps jumping back and forth from a lower platform to a higher platform would suit their needs. There are many ways to increase the intensity of the exercise by simply increasing the distance or height of each jump. Plyometric exercising is simply utilizing the muscular energy that it takes to jump to your own exercising advantage. Static Stretching Static stretches have been used traditionally by athletes and pretty much everyone who works out and exercises. Whenever people think of warming up before a run, or some other physical activity, they think of stretching. The idea is reinforced by movies and other public media. Studies have shown that performing static stretches before exercise may not be as good for you as originally thought, however. The claim is that this type of stretch can weaken the muscle and make it more prone to injury during the ensuing activity. The muscle has a weaker response and generates less force; this effect can last up to 30 minutes. Despite the negatives just mentioned, there are benefits to this type of stretch. The major benefit is a concentrated focus on increasing flexibility and range of motion in the joints. This can also be achieved with dynamic stretching, but not to the same degree and potential. As far as flexibility goes, dynamic stretching is like a utility knife, whereas static stretching is a surgical blade: the static stretches are just more specialized for increasing flexibility. So the question is ‘when do you perform static stretching? The best times are just after your workout, when youre all warmed up and ready to relax, or any time when youre not going to exercise. I encourage you to incorporate this type of stretch into your routine. Flexible and limber muscles are less prone to injury and improve athletic performance. If you play a competitive and intense sport like football or basketball, this is especially true. Many times while playing these sports, I have had people push, bump, step on, and contort my body in several places and to a degree that if my muscles and tendons were not conditioned to be that flexible, I would have been more injured for sure.

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pizza Computer2Computer 2Freezing and Melting of WaterFreezing and Melting of WaterFreezing temperature, the temperature at which a substance turns from liquid to solid, and melting temperature, the temperature at which a substance turns from a solid to a liquid, are characteristic physical properties. In this experiment, the cooling and warming behavior of a familiar substance, water, will be investigated. By examining graphs of the data, the freezing and melting temperatures of water will be determined and compared.OBJECTIVESIn this experiment, you willCollect temperature data during the freezing and melting of water.Analyze graphs to determine the freezing and melting temperatures of water.Determine the relationship between the freezing and melting temperatures of water.Figure 1MATERIALScomputer400 mL beakerVernier computer interfacewaterLogger Pro10 mL graduated cylinderTemperature Probeicering standsaltutility clampstirring rodtest tubePROCEDUREPart I: Freezing1. Fill a 400 mL beaker 1/3 full with ice, then add 100 mL of water.2. Put 5 mL of water into a test tube and use a utility clamp to fasten the test tube to a ring stand. The test tube should be clamped above the water bath. Place a Temperature Probe into the water inside the test tube.3. Connect the probe to the computer interface. Prepare the computer for data collection by opening the file "02 Freeze Melt Water" from the Chemistry with Vernier folder of Logger Pro.4. When everything is ready, click5. Soon after lowering the test tube, add 5 spoons of salt to the beaker and stir with a stirring rod. Continue to stir the ice-water bath during Part I. Important: Stir enough to dissolve the...English: An empty test tube. Italiano: Semplice pr...

How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care)

How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care) Why should we care how to say the names of all 50 states in French? Well, history, for one thing. Aside from knowing French equivalents of geographic terms that could come in handy, theres a long-standing American soft spot for all things French. Many of the French share a fascination with all things  Ãƒâ€°tats-Unis (United States). We need to know their words; they, ours. The Franco-American Alliance The United States and France have had a deep and complex friendship since before the American Revolution, when  Louis XVI’s regime came to America’s aid by providing money, arms, and military advisers, essential assistance best symbolized by the Marquis de Lafayette. The subsequent French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power also benefited the U.S. in 1803, when Napoleon’s woes in Europe and the Caribbean forced him to sell the entire Louisiana territory to the United States, in the words of  Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Says Oxford contributor  Kathryn C. Statler, a University of San Diego historian  : Franco-American economic and cultural contacts increased throughout the 19th century, as trade between the two countries prospered and as Americans flocked to France to study art, architecture, music, and medicine. The French gift of the Statue of Liberty in the late 19th century solidified Franco-American bonds, which became even more secure during World War I. Indeed, during the war, the United States provided France with trade, loans, military assistance, and millions of soldiers, viewing such aid as repayment for French help during the American Revolution. World War II once again saw the United States fighting in France to liberate the country from Nazi control....The Franco-American alliance has been primarily amicable in nature, and when it has not, leaders and citizens on both sides of the Atlantic have moved quickly to remedy the situation. A long line of official, semi-official, and unofficial diplomats, beginning with the Marquis de Lafayette’s staunch support of the American Revolution, has ensured the lasting success of the Franco-American alliance. Today, Americans are still flocking to France for tourism and cultural enrichment, and millions of French have been coming to the US, a product of the great French love affair with la vie Amà ©ricaine and its  freedom, financial opportunity, blend of cultures, and ability to pick up and move whenever and wherever. French and French Canadians Living in the United States As of the 2010 census, there are about 10.4 million U.S. residents of French or French Canadian descent: 8,228,623 French and 2,100,842 French Canadian. Some 2 million speak  French at home  and 750,000 more U.S. residents speak a  French-based creole language. In North America, French-based language groups, mainly in New England, Louisiana, and to a lesser extent, New York, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Florida, and North Carolina, include Quà ©bà ©cois, other French Canadian, Acadian, Cajun, and Louisiana Creole. So, for all that and more, we have a vested interest in knowing what the French call all 50 states. 50 State Names in French The list below details all 50 state names in English and French. Most states are masculine; only nine are feminine and they are indicated by (f.). Knowing the gender will help you choose the correct  definite article  and geographic  prepositions to use with each state. Most names are identical in both English and French, but when they do not share the same spelling, English names are provided in parentheses after the French names. Les États-Unis dAmà ©rique the United States of America Abbreviations: É-U  (US) and  Ãƒâ€°-UA  (USA) AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCalifornie (f.)  (California)Caroline du Nord  (f.) (North Carolina)Caroline du Sud  (f.)  (South Carolina)ColoradoConnecticutDakota du Nord  (North Dakota)Dakota du Sud (South Dakota)DelawareFloride  (f.)  (Florida)Gà ©orgie (f.)  (Georgia)Hawaà ¯Ã‚  (Hawaii)IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisiane  (f.)  (Louisiana)MaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew Jerseylà ©tat de New York*  (New York State)Nouveau-Mexique  (New Mexico)OhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvanie  (f.)  (Pennsylvania)Rhode IslandTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginie  (f.)  (Virginia)Virginie-Occidentale  (f.)  (West Virginia)là ©tat de Washington*  (Washington State)WisconsinWyoming Plus, Washington, D.C. (formerly the District of Columbia), a compact federal district under the jurisdiction of the US Congress. As such, the capital district is not part of any state. It is spelled the same in English and in French. *These are said this way to distinguish between cities and states with the same name.

Leagile Manufacturing System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leagile Manufacturing System - Essay Example The consumer groups reflected high amount of problems in getting the right quantity and quality of products owing to the misappropriate use of the just-in-time model. Leagile manufacturing system is observed to largely falter owing to the excess availability of dead stock levels that failed to meet the fluctuating demand scenario in the external market. This fact led to the rise in cost of holding such dead inventories in regards to the customers and the concern itself. Moreover the system of placing orders to the suppliers and also in meeting the order requirements of the consumer groups received severe halts on account of inappropriate stock levels. The entire operational and sales teams’ efforts were in vain on account of such growing problems which also started reducing their motivation to render further productivity. In regards to the above problem the following paper aims at bringing about separate strategies that would in turn help to bring about effective strategies th at would help in reducing the cost of holding inventory and also in helping in meeting consumer requirements. The paper in turn also focuses on the separate implementation activities that the organization should take in order to involve the separate stakeholders in the change process and thereby develop an enhanced cultural climate in the concern aiming at fostering better relationship with the consumers. Linkages between Customer Needs, the Company’s Strategies and Its Current Operational Issues Scott Murphy as the Vice President of Operations for Leagile Manufacturing Systems is found to have decided into implementing the concepts

Summary (Information Security Management ) Essay

Summary (Information Security Management ) - Essay Example To address those risks that are supposed to be unacceptable ISO/IEC 27001 suggests modeling and application of rational and comprehensive suite of information security controls. Comparatively, NSIT lays out on security management by identifying 17 controls organized into three categories: The Management Control section addresses security topics that can be characterized as managerial. The Operational Control section addresses security controls focusing on steps that are, broadly speaking, implemented and executed by people (as opposed to systems). The Technical Control section implicates on security controls that the computer system executes. Main advantage of NSIT document is network-based IDSs, which are usually passive devices that do not interfere with the normal operation of a network, are very secure against attack and even made invisible to many attackers. A major weakness here is, Network-based IDSs may have difficulty processing all packets in a large or busy network therefo re, may fail to recognize an attack launched during periods of high traffic. The scope of NSIT is limited as it lacks, especially in the area of time defined as â€Å"heavy traffic†.

International Terrorism Essay Example for Free

International Terrorism Essay A majority of the international terrorist operations and strikes trace their root to the Asian Middle East region, which has become the cauldron of global terrorism. Since over two decades, the Middle East has turned into that most volatile, unstable and surcharged place in world, having seen two major armed conflicts and being home to a number of radical, hardliner and terrorist outfits, including Hamas, Hezbollah, and Al Qaeda. These outfits are collectively responsible for carrying a series of devastating terrorist attacks around the world, including 9/11, Madrid and London bombings, rocket attack on Israel and Mumbai carnage. The problem goes further deeper to reveal a simmering regional and sectarian discontent that further adds to the instability of the region. The common unifying thread among all of these factors is presence of ideological motivation of Islamic Jihad, which has made the entire issue extremely sensitive from political and religious angles. Hamas, Hezbollah and Islamic Jihad Both Hamas and Hezbollah have their origin rooted in conflict between Israel and Palestine since creation of Israel in 1948 (Lutz and Lutz, 2004). A majority of Arab and Middle Eastern countries protested Israel’s creation and tried to liquidate the nation through armed intervention To represent the Palestinian cause, Palestine Liberation Organization emerged 1964, striving for liberation and demand of nationhood from Israel. The organization was formed when all the military and armed strengths of Arab nations was convincingly defeated by Israel in 1948 and 1956 wars and it was felt among radical sections of Palestine that only a guerilla tactics could work against a militarily superior Israel Lutz and Lutz, 2004) . Since its formation PLO worked as an umbrella organization, drawing support from various militant Islamic groups working in the area, chiefly Hamas which aims to create a completely Islamic state in the area. Unlike PLO, which has, in principal, favored religious tolerance and secularity as policy, Hamas has a clearly stated Islamic agenda, which draws support from other organizations of similar ideological base. Hamas is considered by several Western countries, including USA and Israel as a terrorist organization, and it is responsible for carrying out a series of strikes against Israel since its creation in 1987. Since 2002, Hamas has restructured itself to form a political organization and presently it is controlling the Gaza strip of Palestine’s territory (Morgan, 2005). Hezbollah is a Lebanon based political-resistance group, formed in 1982 to protest and struggle Israel’s formation and its conflict with Lebanon (Albritton, 2006). Although, the outwardly the organization is involved in a number of social activities, such as running schools, hospitals, farming counseling services, the core characteristics of the organization have remained military. The organization is considered wholly or partly a terrorist outfit by USA and European nations due to its repeated involvement in terrorist attacks in Israel. Both Hamas and Hezbollah share a strong ideological bond in the concept of Islamic Jihad and they consider themselves committed to this cause. While in the religious terms, Jihad is a personal effort for purity, for all the practical purpose, it has evolved in the concept of Islamic supremacy and dominance over other believer sects. Proponents of Islamic Jihad advocate a sustained campaign, involving ideological and violent means in all degrees of extremity to the cause of complete elimination of non-believers (Morgan, 2005). The commitment to Islamic Jihad has infused both these organizations with radical elements and extended their involvement to various terrorist outfits, from Middle East to India and Indonesia, all of which justify their violent actions by theory of Jihad (Albritton, 2006; Merrit, Gilbert and Reinhart, 2004). Kurdish Conflict Kurdish conflict is one of the major political causes of disturbance in the Middle East. Kurds are a major ethnic-linguistic group spread across various countries of Middle East, specifically Iraq and Turkey where they form respectively 17 and 20 percent of the total population. The total Kurdish population is approximately 30 million, making them the fourth largest ethnic group in the region (Merrit, Gilbert and Reinhart, 2004). However, Kurdish community has a deep sense of grievance and resentment against the political framework of the Middle East, as they have been largely side tracked by almost all the political establishments; to aggravate the issue, some countries even tried to break down their sense of identity and forcibly merge them with rest of the population (Morgan, 2005). Kurd’s persistent demands for identity, recognition and greater zone of influence in politics have brought them regularly in conflict with Middle Eastern political establishment which has tried to suppress repeatedly. Kurds are guided by a strong sense of nationality they view themselves as a distinct nation. In fact, there is a complete sentiment among Kurds, identifying themselves as separate clans with their distinct sense of nationality. This has led to several major Kurdish revolts in both Iraq and Turkey. Former Iraq’s president, Saddam Hussein crushed a series of such revolts ruthlessly in 1980s, resulting in systematic murder of over 5000 Kurds (Lutz and Lutz, 2004). After the end of Saddam Hussein’s rule in second Gulf War of 2003-04, the Kurdish demand for independent homeland has intensified. This demand is supported by the entire Kurdish Diaspora who view a separate homeland as the only lasting and legitimate solution to the centuries of neglect, overlook and ignorance of Kurdish identity and culture by Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. Alarmed at this demand, the radical elements in these countries have collaborated with Islamic terrorist groups and carried out a number of terrorist attacks, that are aimed to wipe out the Kurdish leadership and cause fear in the community. However, the effect of these attacks has been largely opposite as it has led to the feeling among the Kurds that their own nation can be the only guarantee of their safety and security (Teson, 2005). Al Qaeda. Any mention of religious terrorism is incomplete without discussion on Islamic terrorism and jihad ideology which is widely held as the single most potent challenge to the democratic and free world. The most prominent actor in Islamic terrorism is Al Qaeda led by Osama Bin Laden, which has acquired the form of an international organization, recruiting members from all the Islamic nations and using them as against the Western and Asian democracies (Lutz and Lutz, 2004). Al Qaeda acts as veritable global terrorist organizations, with massive fund raising capabilities, central leadership style, and a network of dedicated sub units which are ready to strike at the behest of the central command. In studying the reach and influence of Al Qaeda, analysts found that the prime motivational force used by Bin Laden and other key terrorists in the organization is religious. The origin of Al Qaeda is traced back to early 1980s when then USSR invaded Afghanistan and Muslims fighters from around the Islamic world poured in Afghanistan to fight a war that was given an instant religious color. The religious cause did not lose its appeal for the fighters even after the war ended, and they looked for further challenges which, in their opinion, had contaminated the purified and hence medieval perception of Islam they held (Lutz and Lutz, 2004). This search brought them in immediate conflict with the secular world, which is epitomized by USA. In consequence, Al Qaeda network started targeting US military bases in Saudi Arabia, US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar-es-Salaam and US warships; the campaign reached its zenith in 9/11 airlines attacks, which was a watershed event in terrorism history (Lutz and Lutz, 2004). Despite US and British campaign against the Al Qaeda network, the organization continues recruit members from religious sympathizers and attack soft targets, as evidenced against recent terrorist attacks in Mumbai. USA has actively engaged itself to eliminate the threat of Al Qaeda, which is logically justifiable, as it’s partially responsible for creation of the terrorist network. Although there has been both international and domestic criticism against USA’s efforts to combat Al Qaeda in Afghanistan and its bordering areas, this strategy has paid dividends and it has severely undermined the organization (Teson, 2005). To completely eliminate the threat of Al Qaeda, a combination of military and political strategies is required where the terrorist network is attacked at its functional, operational and organizational level. USA should ensure the neutralization of Al Qaeda leadership and cadres and simultaneously hold meaningful dialogue with Islamic countries to desist their youths from joining the terror outfit.

Timeline :: essays research papers

TIMELINE Timeline by Michael Crichton, was a very exciting book about time travel and what the 'Dark Ages'; were like. Timeline also taught about the basics of quantum physics that would make it possible to achieve such a spectacular feat. Be prepared as you read this book to leap into the horrible, dangerous would of the year 1387.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Timeline started out with a group of scientists/archaeologists digging at an ancient castle site. This site was in a French valley with two main castles, Castelgard and La Roque, a monastery, and a mill. This was the site that ITC, a quantum research facility, picked to go back into time to research. Through quantum physics, ITC was able to make a machine that sent objects and people to a parallel universe that was different from this one. This was the basis of the whole story. Professor Johnston, the leader of the digging group, got curious as to how ITC knew more about the site than he did. Robert Doniger, the owner of ITC, decided that he would show the professor how they knew so much about the site. While the professor was back in time, he wandered out into the open field and got trapped inside the medieval world by the Dordogne River. Doniger then got the brilliant idea of sending back some of the other archaeologists to try and find Professor Johnston becaus e they would know the spots where he would most likely be. The group of four, Andre Marek, Chris Hughes, Kate Erickson, and David Stern flew to the New Mexico site to find the professor. During the pre-tests to see it they were physically capable of going back through the machine, David Stern decided that he was not going to go because he did not trust the machines. The five of them, the three other archaeologists, and the two guides went back to the Dordogne valley in 1387. Right off the bat when they got there, a group of knights saw the futuristic people and chopped off the head of one guide and shot the other guide full of arrows. That left the archaeologists on their own to find the professor. Right away they were astonished by how the castles looked and by how quiet it was. Facing many problems, they soon found out who the professor was in the medieval world and found him. This was a time of war, however, which presented many difficulties in getting out, not to mention the fac t that the machines had broken back home and the ITC crew did not think that the shields would hold up.

An appreciation of ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edgar Allan Poe and ‘The Confession’ by Charles Dickens Essay

This assignment asks for an appreciation of the stories by Edgar Allen Poe ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ and Charles Dickens ‘The Confession’. I will start by exploring Edgar Allen Poe’s story and style of writing, how it captivates the reader, building suspense and terror. I will then explore Charles Dickens ‘Confession’ And finally following my analysis of the two stories I will compare and contrast the different styles. Edgar Allen Poe’s story ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ describes how the perpetrator plans and executes a vicious attack on an old man. This story is told in an autobiographical format with the author describing his state of mind, questioning his own sanity. He calmly describes how there was no object or passion that caused him to commit the heinous act of murder as he describes his love for the old man. His only explanation is his victims ‘eye’ which he describes as vulture like and intimidating. He disassociates the ‘eye ‘ from the old man and it is the eye that drives him to commit the crime. He talks of his dissimulation in planning the old man’s death and how e treated him during the week prior to killing him, how he taunted him, stalked him, and preyed upon him at midnight (witching hour), this sinister act of voyeurism is unpleasant and adds to the tension of the story. It was only until the seventh night when he realised that to rid himself of the ‘Evil Eye’ he need to have the old man’s eye open to commit the act. On the eighth night he describes how he carefully taunts the old man describing his actions as clever and skilled, hysteria sets in and finds the events exhilarating, which is further compounded by his knowledge that the old man was fearful of intruders and robbers to realise the real danger is from within. He describes the fear and panic the old man is experiencing when he hears someone in his room, he goes on to empathise and understand how the old man is rationalising for the noise he heard. The author gives a description of a Grim Reaper, stalking in the shadows and enveloping the victim. He builds suspense and describes the web that he’s weaving to rid himself of the ‘vulture eye’. He describes seeing the ‘eye’ as freezing him and bringing his focus purely on the ‘eye’ completely detaching the old man from the ‘eye’. He recalls hearing the old man’s heart beating like a drum ‘It was a low, dull, quick sound- much such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton’. His acuteness of hearing increases the loudness of the heart beat it’s then he describes nervousness mixed with excitement. It’s with this increasing loudness that he fears he will by heard by neighbours that he enters the room dragging the old man to the floor pulling the mattress on top of him, where as the heart beat becomes muffled and finally stops. He describes the man as being stone dead and not troubling him any longer. In the concluding paragraphs he talks of how he concealed the body, dismembering the body cutting off the old man’s head and limbs and depositing them under the floor boards, believing himself to be clever. However the actions at such early hours raised suspicions. This brought three policemen knocking at the door, alerted by a neighbour hearing a shriek, in the middle of the night. The murderer invited the policemen in to search the house and take a rest from their duties. He showed his boldness, by placing the chairs above where he concealed the body. It was then he describes hearing a ringing much the same as the beating of the heart. He describes it as catching his breath, in fear that the officers also heard the beating. His anxiety increased and his paranoia set in. With the policemen not making a move to go he feared that they had heard the beating, it was so loud to him he thought they were bound to hear it and that he confessed to committing the deed and exposed the body to the police. There the story ends and we can only guess at the murderer’s sentence. ‘The Confession’ This is an autobiographical story which takes places in a retrospective view of the author’s life. This is a story that tells a confession of a condemned man. He talks of his childhood where he is victim to his own low self esteem with a few friends and his relationship with his brother. He is extremely jealous of his sibling because he perceives him as better than him ‘He was open-hearted and generous, handsomer than I, more accomplished, and generally beloved’ his friends and acquaintances would say ‘†¦they were surprised to find two brothers so unlike in their manners and appearance’. Then it tells of how his brother has been struck with a terminal illness. He talks of his marriage to his brother’s sister-in-law and describes this additional tie as estranging them further. He disliked his sister-in-law for he felt she could see through him, and see his jealousy, and so he could not meet her eyes but felt hers constantly digging into him. Only relieved by a quarrel, and her subsequent death, she both frightened and haunted him. She died shortly after her birth of her son. And on his brother’s death bed the child was placed in his care and should the child die all property and possessions pass onto to his wife. With ‘†¦a few brotherly words with me, deploring our long separation; and being exhausted, fell into a slumber, from which he never awoke.’ The author talks of his own childless relationship and how his wife took the place of the child’s mother. It was the child’s infatuation with his wife that he found disturbing as within him he saw his natural mother’s intuition, her face and her spirit which caused him to mistrust the boy to the point of obsession. He increasingly become uneasy in the child’s presence, he showed him fear and hate. The boy kept his distance whenever possible. He could not recall when these feelings came upon him and initially he wished the child no ill. The thoughts crept upon him until they overtook his whole thought patterns. He describes uneasiness when in the child’s focus, he become fixated on how easy it would be to kill the child. He began stalking the child, watching him, undertaking his tasks. As in the Tell Tale Heart this unhealthy voyeurism is vividly described to great effect- ‘I never could bear that child should see me’ in the Confession and ‘†¦ a pale blue eye, with film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in a Tell Tale Heart. He goes on to describe how he grooms the child by modelling a model boat and waiting for him to go to the river to float it where he had planned to carry out the crime. He describes how he waited for three days until the child went to the river and when he was about to commit the crime the child saw his shadow in the water. It was as if the child’s mother’s eyes were starring back at him. In a moment lost in time the author appears to have mixed recollections of the event, one the child running for escape and the other when he is confronted with the child’s dead body lying at his feet stabbed by his sword. With his wife away from home he planned to bury the child in the garden and he became obsessed by the murder he committed. He talks of his feigned distress at being told the child was missing and how he had to break the news to his wife. He carried out the actions of a grieving parent raising no suspicions whilst all day long watching the new turf being laid hoping to add speed to the process. He talks of disturbed sleep, waking from nightmares and constantly needing re-assurance ‘†¦ and thus I spent the night in fits and starts, getting up and lying down full twenty times, and dreaming the same dream over and over again,’ he became paranoid and terrorised by his actions, fearful of discovery; he started to hear whispers on the wind- ‘†¦ a breath of air sighed across it, to me it whispered murder.’ This increased his fear. Then he goes on to describe how on the fourth day visitors from his earlier regiment called upon him. He invited them into the garden and set the chairs out on top of the child’s grave. They ask after his wife and the child, unsettling him a ‘theme’ in his life and his paranoia sets in. He is obviously terrified they would discover his secret. In attempt to hide his fear he asks the men if the child has been murdered. They attempted to re-assure him there was nothing to gain from killing an innocent child. Then as they were attempting to raise his spirits, two bloodhounds bounded into the garden and began pacing and sniffing the ground, until they came upon the murderer’s chair they began to howl. The visitors said that the dogs had made a discovery. It was then the murderer became hysterical that his two visitors after a battle restrained him, during which time the dogs tore at the earth and on seeing this, the murderer dropped to his knees and confessed the truth and begged for forgiveness. Then he retracts his confession for which he’s tried and found guilty. His only Solace is the fact that his wife has lost all her faculties and does not know his and hers own misery and his guilt. I wonder, however, if our ‘hero’ was truly repentant or just searching for sympathy since he has been found out – disguising what was really inside as he had done all his life. Perhaps we’ll never know the real badness. There are many similarities between both stories. ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ is autobiographical description/confession of the murder of a victim known by the perpetrator. It describes the careful process and preparation/planning of the murder and how the murderers own paranoia and psychosis results in the confession. They both describe the careful stalking of the victims. ‘The Confession’ by Charles Dickens is also an autobiographical description/confession of the murder in which the victim is known to the murderer and also he describes the preparation and once again has confessed as a result of paranoia. Both stories use the technique of repetition to create tension and suspense, and the use of short sharp sentences are also used to construct the state of panic of which both murderer’s encounter when they are discovered. The contrasts between the two stories are that ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edgar Allan Poe talks of his love for the victim, but fear of the eye. There is no financial gain to the murder on the death of the victim. The author describes no regret or remorse for the act and prides himself on the cleverness of his actions, Edgar Allan Poe tells the story through a psychotic murderer, whereas in Charles Dickens ‘The Confession’, the author tells the story through more of a thinking and tactical murderer. The author dislikes the victim altogether with no love loss between them. There is a gain from the death of the victim. And during more rational times the murderer talks of much regret and remorse.

Impacts of Indian Cinema on Children of Pakistan

The Indian Cinema is currently the Largest film producer in the world. The film industry has been highly rewarding when it comes to the national economy of India. Be it movies, to movie stars, the idea and the drama they portray has been highly admired and enjoyed by people worldwide especially in Pakistan. Thousands of films produced per annum are watched by millions of people from children to adults. And is a big source of encouragement for the Youth to come up and be a part of the largest industry in the world. It might be a huge source of encouragement for the Youth but on the other hand the films have proved to have influenced the young generations on a huge scale in this era. As most of the tech-smart are basically the young generations today, they automatically have access to all sort of media and public forums. Teenagers especially today are too inspired by movies today, they look for motivation and situations they find relatable in their daily life as entertainment. Prior to that, Indian Cinema is well aware what kind of audience to Target today, which is earning alot of revenue for them today. Especially in Pakistan, us Pakistani enjoy and idolize our favorite Indian movies and actors. Every country promoted their religion, tradition and culture through media and India has been quite successful in doing that. Today our Muslim children have memorized all the rituals that are performed in exorcism movies ( I.e; 1920 the movie) and all the Hindu prayers instead of what's in the Quran and its message. Furthermore Indian movies always come up with a feature song, which basically is also known as Item Song. Which features famous actresses for a dance performance in the movie. Such movies have been a huge source of negativity in our country. Indian movies promote nudity and vulgarity which is strictly forbidden in the laws of Islam. The young generations is very much attracted to such movies, songs and stars, which have proved to be very normal. The sad part is that even parents are so outdated from technology they have no idea about the current affairs and what their children are doing on their devices. Our Film Industry seems highly motivated to compete the Indian Cinema too, as they in their recent movies have been featuring Item Songs (i.e Karachi se Lahore). There are various Indian Movies that have been produced to promote rivalry between Pakistan and India which has been a very huge point of negativity leading to recreation of history. This has created a negative image about Pakistan in the minds of our children because the Indian Cinema has blinded the youth by showing false glories and fabricated history to encourage the greatness of Hindustan. The young minds in return get double minded and curious to know what exactly is behind the story and not everyonr is able to prove what actually happened because our elders and seniors, they themselves have been idolizing the Indian Cinema throughout ages. On the brighter side, there are a few positive impacts too, movies like Tarey Zameen Par, 3 Idiots have been quite encouraging and inspirational for the whole nations as the stories they portray have effected A lot of minds from teachers to students who has changed alot of perspectives of people regarding studies. LITERATURE REVIEW With the collaboration of British film Institute, UK film Council and film London both have explored on the local celluloid. They've depicted and looked into the impact of Local cinema on their communities and to develop impact measurement tools, they selected 5 case study cinemas and initial desk researches to explore existing literature on the impact measurement methodologies. They dabbled cinemas of the urban and rural areas of UK. And the research they discoursed and depicted the social, cultural and environmental impacts of Local cinema and overview of income and expenditure on and of cinema. Suraj pratap had some aims behind this desertation which was to analyze the relation of cinnama and Society. There were personal references of the Indian audience on the basis of interest. They discussed the impact of cinema on audience and understood the factors of bollywood either it'd be positive or negative. He implemented the method in which he conducted the number of studies across the world letting in India. They have researched on the students that how science fiction films has an effect on them. Even nowadays Hollywood industry is working on the sci-fic movies way too much and the way modern world is going ahead, students have gained interest in these sort of movies. They've studied context and participants have collected data. They found this by naturalistic research method, students who watched this science fiction movies had some number of misunderstandings about earth science concepts as compared to the students who don't watch the movies. It effects negatively and makes a false concept of Science phenomena. They researched just to get the answer of the question as title mentioned it, 3D movies has the genre where viewers can imagine that all the scenes are having the plave infront of them and all scenerios are in real. We are just going in the flow with the movie and creates the fiction place, characters and story. The methods they used in this research was the sickness questionaire in which they study if it effecting the children negatively as rays may effects them negatively on the other hand they study the design and its eligibility and they made the stastical analysis too. Its a research in which linda rufer defines how movies are effecting children and teenagers psycological manner, where she connects movies with the emotions of children as viewers they connects the fictional movie with themselves as films has the feel of words and actions. Linda describes the positivity in movies many characters have pure soul with the positivity in it where children can get motivation and let them think about their lives, gives hope and energy. Discussion about the category and traits in the research is visible, movies helps children to differenciate between the wrong and right path where teamwork and other good habits like forgiving, being down to earth and many others like this may help teens to get themselves on the road of success. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY Qualative method will be use in this research, Where I will choose 5 to 10 movies as case study to find the objectives and characters of the movies and how they are effecting on the children of pakistan. I will conduct a small interview with the parents in which I discuss the routine of their children and which sort of things children pick after watching movies it leads me to get the answers of my questions. HYPOTHESISNULL HYPOTHESIS: Ho Indian movies has vulgarity and unacceptable elements for the children.ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: HI Indian movies has not vulgarity and unacceptable elements for the children.REFERENCES :British film institute, UK film council, Film LONDON ( 5 November 2005 ). THE IMPACT OF LOCAL CINEMA Suraj Pratap Singh, Banaras hindu university ( Dept. Of Sociology ) Varanasi 22001 ( 4 feb 2015 ) IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH Heather Barnett, heather Wagner, Anne Gatling, Janice Anderson, Meredith Houle, Alan Kafka ( 25 August 2006 ). IMPACT OF SCIENCE FICTION ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF SCIENCE.Angelo G., Solimini ( 13 Feb 2013 ). ARE THERE SIDE EFFECTS TO WATCHING 3D MOVIES? Linda Rufer, University of Pennsylvania ( 1 August 2014 ). MAGIC AT THE MOVIES: POSITIVE PSYCOLOGY FOR CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND FAMILIES.

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays

Yerma by Federico Lorca Essays Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Yerma by Federico Lorca Essay Essay Topic: Play Yerma by Federico Lorca has been described by critics as One of the modern pinnacles of modern poetic drama that realises unknown aspirations and yearnings. To create these definitive themes truly anchored in the depths of the play the dreams desires and more importantly cravings have to be accentuated through lighting, set design, props, and most importantly the creation by the actors on stage. This essay discusses the approaches I intend to take to create the relevant atmospheres and themes to draw out the crucial themes and imagery. The opening scene is very specific to the stage directions but there are certain changes I would adopt. In exchange for a strange dreamlike light I would have a bright accusing light, and in particularly a spotlight of a different colour on Yerma to symbolise her difference from everyone else, in her inability to conform to the Spanish familiar lifestyle, making her an indirect and an unwilling revolutionary. The bright light would shine on Yerma whilst the rest of the stage would be lit gentler, again, highlighting her individual difference and her break away from normality. The lights should be dusky shades of reds and oranges (dry, barren and earth tones) in the background, symbolising a long landscape of barrenness, the idea of eternal dryness and nothing. The spotlight on Yerma would be a bright white light, symbolising her own fertility and her own desires, but the spotlight acting as a barrier and preventing her from escaping the eternal prison of her own cravings, and the taunt of the life outside still a continual dry existence. Though the spotlight would dim, I would like to hold a spotlight on her throughout the whole of the first scene to symbolise her mental prison, and her enclosed thoughts that yearn for children, which would occasionally get brighter in moment of womanly desires or direct relation to her fertility. I would keep the shepherds entrance with the child, as a symbolism of the theme of children, and the Shepard to present the era of the play. The stage itself would be set in the country side. There would be a stunted and under grown tree stretching up towards the sun, as if to reach for nutrients, a true reflection of Yermas pleas to witchcraft and her God to impregnate her. A dusty track would lead out into the distance of the set to show the eternal and monotonous lifestyle of the Spanish culture, the idea you follow one particular path and one particular routine till you die. It can also be used to express the strength of the barrenness, the lack of anything that could aid Yerma or women in Spanish society. Marius Romero staged a successful performance of Yerma in London and insisted that two necessary parts of the set was a pool of water to reinforce the contrast between purification and regeneration. The water is a symbol of a truly natural and earthy source, which would be positioned away from Yerma, as a taunt and a trick to show her unnatural inability to produce children. The other key area was a popular building in previous centuries called stark buildings. These are exceedingly inaccessible buildings, with little chance for entrance of escape and can be spotted in some of Dalis work. This would symbolise the oppression of woman in Spanish society, and the idea that everyday life could not touch them, in these cold dark prisons which usually took the form of their homes. The general colours of the set would be oranges and yellows, dry colours posing as warm and comforting, but really a true symbolism of Yermas eternal despair. Apart from the tree and the pool of water and Yermas sewing basket which she would keep as a symbol of her position in society, the rest of the stage would be bare as yet another accentuation of the theme of barren that constantly runs significantly throughout the play. At the very opening instead of just having the clock strike, I would have a slow monotonous continual ticking throughout the Shepards and childs time on stage. Coinciding with that I would have the sounds of a group of children playing, shouting and running quietly in the background. As the child touched Yerma that clock would begin to tick louder and quicker, and the childrens voices would rise in a steep crescendo. The clock is used as an important symbol of a womans bodily clock, menstrual cycle and Yermas personal lack of time. The pace would quicken to symbolise that her time was running out, then the whole noise would reach a peak and stop extremely suddenly and abruptly to emphasise Yermas swift drop back from her subconscious being splayed through her dream, to her desperate reality. I would adapt the song being sung offstage to having a child singing it standing directly in front of her, that she just sees through, as a symbolism of her greatest craving being directly in front of her, perhaps if she was not so faithful to Juan. The mood starts unsteadily and eerily, the expression of Yermas desire is at one of its peak moments, as her subconscious interferes into her dreams, crossing over from reality. On stage I would have the actress having a reaction to more of a nightmare, sharp, quick tortured movements that disturb her, and display the idea of her craving being so much to the extreme that it is physical pain. The dialogue and mood drops into a domesticated routine between what at first appearances could be misconceived as a happy and considerate partnership between man and wife. As Yerma broaches the subject of children, I would have the lights slightly dimmed and tinted with red as a symbolism of a dangerous subject. I would have Juan turning away, occupying himself with a pointless activity with a mixed expression of misery and anger. The mood would rise into high tension as these two stubborn characters face a head on collision, the looks that pass between them of irritation and Yermas over exaggerated affection towards Juan would appear false and forced, symbolising a marriage in crisis. When Yerma meets Maria the mood changes into a whole new sheet of emotions. Admiration and fierce stabs of jealousy swamp Yerma at the news Maria is expecting a baby. Her fascination manages to override her bitterness, and this would be shown by a lot of physical contact with Maria in an attempt to closen herself to the baby she craves as her own. She is directed to act queasy and faintly, to emphasise the growth of her cravings, as they extend out of her control. On stage, the actress would turn away from Maria, appearing physically ill. For this sector I would have the lights tinted with green as the stereotypical colour of jealousy, and the children noises of play repeated softly in the background as a taunt to Yerma. The mood then changes drastically again into a high level of unspoken sexual tension between Yerma and Victor as Yerma recognises a companion and a soul mate in Victor, at his agreement of the need of a child. The air takes on a dangerous and forbidden sense that I would have the actors edging uncomfortably away from each other, avoiding standing too close, looks being held longer than necessary and Juans nervous conversation may hold a stutter as if to hold back what he truly wants to say. The lights would be pink to accentuate the unspoken passion and the continual spotlight on Yerma would brighten significantly, to symbolise her womanliness and desperate fertility. In 1936 Lorca is quoted in saying Theatre is poetry that rises from the book and becomes human enough to talk and shout, weep and despair. Poetry and song are main focuses in the opening scene and Lorca got his inspiration from traditional Spanish songs and narrative Ballads. The scenes first dialogue takes the form of a song, which gives the impression of a nursery rhyme. The use of Nana gives the idea of a child speaking it, and the song should be sung using a child like voice and developed into a chant so it holds an edge of mocking to taunt Yerma. Yermas first song holds a large amount of imagery that relates directly to childbirth and fertility. For example Let the fountains leap, and the river run. This is another reference to water and its neutrality and the expected and natural flow of a river. Before she sings she is directed to stroke her stomach, this is an accurate stage direction as it allows the audience to visibly see the strength of her cravings and the stretch of her imagination that allows her to fall just before the brink of insanity. I would direct Yerma to sing the song directly to the unborn child she is stroking and perhaps hug herself as if she is in on her own private secret. I would wish her to display the characteristics of a truly pregnant woman, to emphasise the fact that her subconscious could force Yerma into the idea that she is really pregnant. The song gives an air of fantasy and hysteria to the play, and provides an insight into Yermas capabilities in her imagination. At the closing of the scene Yerma repeats a verse from the original song, as Victor has just refreshed her desire for a real family, as her subconscious reacts to Victors presence. We see Yerma being physically affected by her dazed movements and appearance at the end of the scene, her fixation into space may be her visualising her dream of children and subconsciously, Victor. Throughout the songs the spotlight would brighten, due to the direct links to fertility. The moods are much defined throughout the opening scenes and changes smoothly, with the songs acting as mood shifter so any atmosphere can be created between dialogues. In conclusion the main moods that I would aim to direct across significantly are desperation, unwilling, insanity and jealousy. The clearly defined sectors of the scene allow the use of colour in lighting as a symbol of the particular message being portrayed. The scene has themes firmly indented which need to be portrayed through acting skills in particular, other wise the whole objective and meaning of the play is lost. Lorca was quoted to say A poet must be a professor of the five bodily senses and as Yerma has been described as A tragic poem in three acts and six scenes I believe Lorca wanted the audience to have to use all their senses too, and for the creation on stage to enable the audience to do that.

A Brief Guide to Evaluating Your Own Writing

A Brief Guide to Evaluating Your Own Writing Youre probably used to having your writing evaluated by teachers. The odd abbreviations (AGR, REF, AWK!), the comments in the margins, the grade at the end of the paperthese are all methods used by instructors to identify what they see as the strengths and weaknesses of your work. Such evaluations can be quite helpful, but theyre no substitute for a thoughtful self-evaluation.* As the writer, you can evaluate the whole process of composing a paper, from coming up with a topic to revising and editing drafts. Your instructor, on the other hand, often can evaluate only the final product. A good self-evaluation is neither a defense nor an apology. Rather, its a way of becoming more aware of what you go through when you write and of what troubles (if any) that you regularly run into. Writing a brief self-evaluation each time you have completed a writing project should make you more aware of your strengths as a writer and help you see more clearly what skills you need to work on. Finally, if you decide to share your self-evaluations with a writing instructor or tutor, your comments can guide your teachers as well. By seeing where youre having problems, they may be able to offer more helpful advice when they come to evaluate your work. So after you finish your next composition, try writing a concise self-evaluation. The following four questions should help you get started, but feel free to add comments not covered by these questions. A Self-Evaluation Guide What part of writing this paper took the most time? Perhaps you had trouble finding a topic or expressing a particular idea. Maybe you agonized over a single word or phrase. Be as specific as you can when you answer this question. What is the most significant difference between your first draft and this final version? Explain if you changed your approach to the subject, if you reorganized the paper in any significant way, or if you added or deleted any important details. What do you think is the best part of your paper? Explain why a particular sentence, paragraph, or idea pleases you. What part of this paper could still be improved? Again, be specific. There may be a troublesome sentence in the paper or an idea that isnt expressed as clearly as you would like it to be. * Note to Instructors Just as students need to learn how to conduct peer reviews effectively, they need practice and training in carrying out self-evaluations if the process is to be worthwhile. Consider Betty Bambergs summary of a study conducted by Richard Beach. In a study specifically designed to investigate the effect of teacher comment and self-evaluation on revision, Beach [The Effects of Between-Draft Teacher Evaluation Versus Student Self-Evaluation on High School Students Revising of Rough Drafts in Research in the Teaching of English, 13 (2), 1979] compared students who used a self-evaluation guide to revise drafts, received teacher responses to drafts, or were told to revise on their own. After analyzing the amount and kind of revision that resulted with each of these instructional strategies, he found that students who received teacher evaluation showed a greater degree of change, higher fluency, and more support in their final drafts than students who used the self-evaluation forms. Moreover, students who used the self-evaluation guides engaged in no more revising than those who were asked to revise on their own without any assistance. Beach concluded the self-evaluation forms were ineffective because students had received little instruction in self-assessment and were not used to detaching themselves critically from their writing. As a result, he recommended that teachers provide evaluation during the writing of drafts (p. 119).(Betty Bamberg, Revision. Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing, 2nd ed., ed. by Irene L. Clarke. Routledge, 2012) Most students need to conduct several self-evaluations at different stages of the writing process before theyre comfortable detaching themselves critically from their own writing. In any case, self-evaluations shouldnt be regarded as substitutes for thoughtful responses from teachers and peers.

Reasoning and Problem Solving Essay on Obesity Problem

Reasoning and Problem Solving on Obesity Problem - Essay Example Preventive / therapeutic interventions and systematic application of knowledge has succeeded in curing most diseases afflicting humanity, unless they are of incurable nature, such as AIDS or malignancy. Economic prosperity in the last few decades of the twentieth century, the resultant sedentary lifestyle which is not in accordance with how nature intended man to lead his life, has given rise to utterly novel diseases which were unheard of in the primitive world. Obesity is one such disease, which has reached serious proportions in recent times in the American society as well as other affluent nations of the world. Obesity cannot be classified in the traditional framework of diseases, as it does not have any infectious or pathological cause, except a few exceptional genetic factors which make certain people more prone to this malady. Generally obesity has been observed in affluent nations, in people irrespective of race or ethnic background. It is more of a lifestyle disease which can be prevented by going back to nature. Obesity is a scourge affecting majority of the people in the US and in other parts of the world where affluence and dietary patterns are congenial for its incidence. United States of America is a nation which has led the world in terms of economic growth, industrialization and application of technology for a better life for its citizens during the major part of the twentieth century. Tremendous growth in the various states and cities of America, improvements in terms of civic amenities and healthcare has resulted in a lifestyle in the majority of the population which is unfortunately, not in tune with nature. In the United States, the last thirty years have churned up increasing number of obese people with 65% of today’s adult population suffering from one or the other obesity related problems (www.cdc.gov). The number of obese children living in the United States has quadrupled over the last fifty years. The latest figures suggest

Gonorrhea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gonorrhea - Essay Example of this that women are the ones that tend to suffer most in the long run when diagnosed with gonorrhea; when they ignore the symptoms, the infection spreads, causing severe complications within the reproductive organs. In males, it can take anywhere from two days to a month before there are obvious signs of gonorrhea after the infection has formed. In females, it is hard to pinpoint how long it can take for symptoms to appear in regards to the onset of the infection, as many women do not even show signs of the disease (Michaud, 2006). Only a small percentage of males do not show any signs to having the infection, as opposed to a larger percentage of females. The signs and symptoms in males include a yellow-hued discharge from the penis, as well as frequent and painful urination. The signs and symptoms in females are vaginal discharge, pain in the lower abdomen, and irritation of the genital region, which can also lead to painful urination and possible bleeding between menstrual cycles. Due to the period-esq symptoms of gonorrhea in females, many females ignore their symptoms until the infection worsens, strengthening the pain and the intensity of the symptoms. Other signs and symptoms, in both males and females, include fever and vomiting, as well as sterility and infertility. The longer the symptoms go unnoticed or untreated, the more parts of the reproductive systems get infected. The worse it becomes in females, the greater the chance is that they pass it on to their child if they are pregnant or become pregnant around the time of developing the disease. Within women, the infection can also cause damage to more than just the reproductive system, such as arthritis or blindness (Kolesnikow, 2007). In diagnosing gonorrhea, there are two methods that health care workers resort to. The first test, a staining sample, is the least accurate of the two. A staining sample involves taking a dab sample of the discharge from the infected area, dyeing it, and examining

Comparison and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison and Contrast - Essay Example According to the contra-divorce view, family is the smallest but the most important unit of a society, it has a huge impact on various social constructs and, at the same time, it plays significant and crucial roles in shaping a child’s mind during its earliest years. The process of socialization, which decides who and what a man will be, starts from this smallest unit of society. But inevitably this familial organization significantly depends on the marital bond between a man and a woman for its existence in modern society. Consequently, divorce is considered to be a direct blow on this important societal unit. Divorce hampers a child’s harmonious mental and physical development. Family is accepted as a man’s first and foremost efficient training center through which a child becomes familiar and learns to revere the morals, rules, and regulations of the society. It is the family in which a child gets the fundamental behavioural patterns that tend to be further sh aped by other social institutions such as religious convictions, educational, political systems, etc. The issue of children’s welfare and strong marital bond are related to each other.

Mekong River Upstream Privileges And Downstream Threat Environmental Sciences Essay

Mekong River Upstream Privileges And Downstream Threat Environmental Sciences Essay The Mekong River (Langcang Jiang) is located in Southeast Asia, and it is considered as the seventh largest river in the world in terms of discharge and the tenth longest river in terms of length. Its origin is at Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Province, China, then flowing 4200 kilometers through Myanmar, Laos PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and finally through the extensive delta in Vietnam into South China Sea. The Mekong basin contains full of natural resources including fishes and other aquatic diversities living in that region. The body of river is divided into two parts. First, the upstream part includes its origin in Tibet Plateau belongs to China and Myanmar and the downstream part is belonging to Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The study reported that the Mekong River would benefit to hydropower production, expansion of irrigated land, reduction of the threat of flooding in the delta region, natural resources and the extension of navigability of the river as far as northern Laos. Th e catchment is resource rich and is represented as largely under-utilized. It also lies with a geopolitical region that benefit to riparian states in terms of politic, economic and environment development. Given this, the Mekong stands out as one of Southeast Asias most pressing and large scale resource and environmental management concerns. Moreover, the riparian states importantly depend on the Mekong River due to its abundance of resources; as a result, they ultimately formed a committee to maintain Mekong river regime. That is Mekong Committee in 1957. From this time, the principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedure specifically concerns with development of Mekongs resource have been maintained and changed through this regime. Inter-state conflict vis-à  -vis the use of the Mekong Rivers water resources emerged for the first time in the early 1990s. The dispute was employed as leverage in a disagreement between Thailand and Vietnam over the fair and equitable utilizat ion of the Mekongs water resources. At a deeper level, it reflected broader concern regarding strategic shifts throughout Southeast Asia and in Thai-Vietnamese relation following the peaceful conclusion of the cold war. The device of the committee is to coordinate the lower Mekong basin (Mekong Committee) and designed to facilitate the use of the Mekongs resource since 1957. In 1995, a new arrangement was established that Mekong River Commission (MRC) was renewed to deal with the management or the issues of sovereignty, non-interference and condition of interdependent. The Mekong River Commission consists of the lower basin countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Moreover, among the riparian states of Mekong basin, China is the most upstream country and a political and economic superpower in the region. China has often been considered to exhibit unilateral behavior toward the lower Mekong River riparian. MRC is not the only institution in the Mekong Basin, many oth er mechanisms such as the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) which includes China as a major partner was agreed to establish in 1992. The sub-region is covering 2.30 million square kilometers and feeds around 250 million head of total population. There are four international rivers within this sub-region, namely, the Greater Mekong River, Irrawady River, Yuanjiang-Honghe (Red) River and Nujiang-Salween River. All of the four rivers flow from Yunnan Province into respective Mainland Southeast Asian Countries. Among them, the three rivers of Mekong, Irrawady and Yuanjiang-Honghe are with great potentials for water transport development. These rivers could become water passage and transport network connecting Chinas Yunnan Province with the five Mainland Southeast Asian countries by joint cooperation and development. In following section, I will explain the main issue in Mekong River Basin Upstream privilege, downstream threat, and some mechanisms to deal with this complex issue. Upstream Threat The upstream countries are considered as China, Myanmar and Lao PDR in Mekong River Basin. They claim resources and development in their occupied areas in upper Mekong Basin. As a matter of fact, most of the riparian states try to extract as much as benefits as they can such as dam development, hydro power plan, energy project and navigation or passageway since the Mekong River is regarded as one of the mainly rich in resources for those purposes. Therefore, the country put much attention on development in Mekong Region. Of course, among the upstream states and all the riparian countries, China emerges as the most powerful state, and it is also the super power in the world in term of economy and more likely in the future the military super power. The industrialization of Chinas economy from agriculture base, it needs many factors to improve its economy such as electricity as the main part, raw materials, transportation, tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Moreover, as a strong economy in Mekong reg ion, China acts unilaterally in relation to development of dam. China adopted two approaches to ASEAN countries especially in Mekong River Basin. Beside this, it projected many plans for dam development to transfer energy to Chinese industries consumption and navigation. The first approach is non-cooperation, meaning it develops its own plans by itself without negotiation with other sovereign countries in Mekong River region. However, the downstream see it as a threat because the development might change the natural flow of river. Sometimes, it may cause the serious flood in rainy season and drought in dry season in the lower countries such as Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Therefore, the downstream countries try to get China in negotiation in order to make better use of Mekong River resource and sustainable development in that area. In 1970, Chinese planners began planning a scheme of the mainstream of upper Mekong in Yunnan involving 7-8 dams which can produce the capacity of 15, 550 KW or 17% of Chinas project on power demands (Pech SokhemKengo Sunada, 2008). The second approach is that China has implemented the active engagement with Mekong river shareholders as well as the ASEAN members. It sees the advantages of cooperating with ASEAN countries particularly the downstream countries including Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In November 2001, Chinese Premier Zhu Rong Ji provided $5 millon for major shoals, rapids, and reefs along the 331 Km Mekong River stretch from China-Myanmar border to Luang Prabang. In addition, China provided fund as well as the technical assistance to downstream for dam development or hydro power plan. Therefore, China plays an active role in investment in regional energy trade in downstream countries. In 2005, Chinese Premier, Wen Jia Bao, promised at 2nd GMS summit, China would like to cooperate with other Mekong members for future energy development and dam plans, and he also laid out Chinas plan for Common prosperity with each other in Mekong region. It tries to foster mutual trust, treat each other with sinc erity to calm down the downstream countries perception to China. All in all, even though China has cooperatively with other upstream and downstream countries, it still serves as China interest in term economy and power. The main threats to downstream are as following (i) dredging of river bed in the upper Langcang Mekong for improving the commercial navigation; (ii) large scale dam plans in Yunnan, China and ambitious dam development; (iii) Cambodias concern over flooding from the flood control measures along Vietnam -Cambodia border; and (iv) Vietnams grave concern over flooding and dry season low flow in the Mekong Delta due to the upstream development and so on. Downstream Impact Previous section, I have mentioned the Chinas acting in international relation with ASEAN states especially in Mekong River Basin. China usually use it sole power to develop many dam projects in order to develop its economy since it now needs much electricity for factories and water to connect from Yunnan province to South East Asia countries. Therefore, China makes change the natural flow of water in Mekong river basin. On the other side, downstream countries including Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam are affected by hydropower plant in Mekong basin. Particularly the most affected ones are Cambodia and Vietnam for they are located in lowest part of Mekong River. However, I would like to focus on overall threat to downstream states and effect of water management in Cambodia as a result of upstream unilaterally adopted project on those areas in their country. Actually, countries in downstream states are living in the complex ecosystem. As the Mekong River serves water resources and natural resources and benefit to roughly 60 million people, the people are accordingly affected by eight large dams in Yunnan province, China. More importantly, most of the dam projects of China do not have environmental impact assessment. Sometimes, the negative impacts do not need hundred years to see the environmental deterioration. For instance, hydropower project, Xiaowan, was started in December 2001 and expected to finish in 2012. This dam development is at 292 meter height and considered as the highest dam project in the world; however, the impact on Lao PDR is that it will meet flood in the dry season. Another case in Vietnam, it will cause the serious flooding in Southern part of province. Moreover, the large dam project not only causes the flooding in downstream countries, but also they many incur other crises including ecosystem, aquatic diversities, climate change, uncontrollable flooding, food scarcity, prolong floods and droughts, decrease sedimentation biodivers ities, deforestation, land clearance. Now lets look at some particular impact as following: Destruction of fish and fisheries: flooded in dry season will seriously damage the fish-feeding. Impact on agriculture: 80% of rice production in lower Mekong basin depends on water, silt, nutrient provided by seasonal flooding of Mekong. Flood in dry season will erode and decrease sediment and it affects long-term agricultural yield. IV. Cambodia Challenge: Water Management in Cambodia After getting familiar with upstream and downstream problem, I will elaborate more on Cambodia case. Cambodia is located in downstream countries among riparian states in Mekong River Basin. This location can either give opportunities for Cambodia or threaten the water management in Cambodia. In fact, 85% of agricultural activities in Cambodia, depends on Mekong River flowing from upper stream countries. The benefits which Cambodia can get are that due to potential situation it can absorb many resources such as fish and other aquatic biodiversities that move from upper stream because of changing of water management in those countries. Prior to explaining the water system and challenges that Cambodia face, I would like to describe about brief background of Cambodia. Cambodia is situation in South East Asia and located in latitude between 10o and 15o in North and Longitude between 102o and 108o in East. It covers roughly 181,035 km2 in territory and has total population around 14 million people dispersed in 24 province and 4 cities. The people mostly gather in city of Phnom Penh due to the fact that it is the economic, politic, cultural city of Cambodia. Among total population, 71% are farmers, 21% are employed in service sector and 8% works for industrial sector. Since most of population are doing agricultural activities; therefore, it needs high and systematic water supply to operate this field. The question is that where can Cambodia access the water for supplying its agricultural activities. In fact, Cambodia can access the water from two main sources such as from Mekong River and Great Lake ( Tonle Sap) located in center of the country. During the wet season, water will flood the surrounding areas and especially the water supply from Mekong River Delta and Tonle Sap all in all will direct to Great Lake; as a result, it will lead to the flood. Whenever there is a flood, it will bring the tilt and nutrition to the soil which was flood; therefore, it is useful for agriculture and cultivation. In addition, due to the fact that Cambodia highly depends on water supply from Mekong River; the changes in water flow in Mekong River Basin will accordingly damage the agricultural and cultivating area in Lower Mekong River especially in Cambodia since the 85% of the flow of river is situated in Cambodia. Moreover, there are many causes that can damage to the water supply in Cambodia. First of all, the upper stream countries such as China, Myanmar and Lao PDR developed 14 hydropower plans which can get generate the capacity of 222,600 MW. Since the Upper stream countries developing their dam project particularly in China, it may block the flow the water to run the engine to produce the fulfill the dam process; there will incur irregular flow of water; as a result, the fish resources will decrease due to alternation of ecosystem. Moreover, people will usually depend on fisheries will lack of fish, therefore, their income will accordingly lower. Furthermore, in mid-2006 downstream states agreed to develop 11 dam projects comprising of 2 in Lao PDR, 2 for Thailand, and 2 for Cambodia. As a result of the developing the plans for dam projects for hydropower plans to generate the electricity for local consumption, it is seriously affects the livelihood in Mekong river. That can reduce the quantity of fish supply particular in Cambodia. All in all, due to the plan of dam projects in both of upper and lower stream in Mekong River Basin, the suffer will likely affect the livelihood and species. V. Solution to the problem: Suggestion to the use of GMS As I have mentioned in the previous section about the challenges of downstream of Mekong Basin especially Cambodia which is one of the large stake country in Mekong River Basin, in this section, I will introduce some proposed solutions which suggested by countries in Mekong River as well as external superpower countries call for water protection since the world will be facing the water security in the future if there are not enough mechanisms to manage it. Therefore, in order to make sustainable consumption of Mekong River, every involving state has responsibility to cooperatively work with all the members in Greater Mekong River. If there are not suitable methods or system to control the effective use of Mekong River, it may be in one day damaged, and it will cause serious catastrophe among riparian states particularly downstream countries namely Lao PDR, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam such as flooding in rain season and disastrous drought in dry season in low areas of Mekong Basin. In order to cope with this problem, there are many mechanisms to deal with this issue ranging from strengthening of the role of Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) to the newly established of Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI). In 1992, the concept of Greater Mekong Sub-region was proposed by Asian development bank (ADB) for promoting all involvement of all member states in Mekong River including China, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. This regional cooperation is partitioned to promote building relationship among riparian states of Mekong River for express idea platform, negotiation platform, and sharing information platform. It facilitates the cross-boundary negotiation since every member has to share the idea when they want to develop the plant in Mekong Basin. If there is not information sharing from each state; therefore, the state will cause damage of water usage in Mekong River as the fisheries stock availability inside the Mekong River. To this instance, the cooperation is very useful and necessary because state can receive information and take action in prevent the crisis from happening. Thats why it is deemed necessary to strengthen the role of GMS. Beside this, the GMS can includ e all member states especially China which is the most upper stream of the basin since China formerly act unilaterally on its dam projects and power plants in upper stream, which can cause serious damage to lower stream of water use and fisheries stock. Moreover, the effective mechanisms are being used for dealing with any kinds of issue regarding the Mekong River. In brief, we will see the sharing information in regional cooperation will help strengthen the make use of water as well as the resources in Mekong River too. Following the establishment of regional cooperation, Greater Mekong Sub-region, the states in low basin also try to build firm relationship for effective use of the river and help each other for any necessary skill and ability building. In 1995, the states such as Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam initiated the Mekong River Commission (MRC) for regional economic cooperation. In the MRC, each member tries to work together for better use in Mekong River. Moreover, they conduct the meeting every year in order to share the idea and information in term of power plant development and other dam projects that may affect the water flow to lower delta of the river. Furthermore, each member every year meet each other to strengthen more relationship and study on dam project from upper level to lower level of Mekong River. MRC is very useful in term of regional cooperation since 1995 because the states regard as an effective commission for sharing idea in term of water use in the basin. Moreover, in 2009, the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for creating the Lower Mekong Initiative (LMI) in Waters Day. This creation aims at promoting more tied relationship among member states. There has been much regional cooperation in order to make better use and sustainable development of water and resource in the Mekong River because if there is no maintenance or cooperative work, we will meet the crisis in the future. In conclusion, upstream states lead to many effects on downstream countries in terms of economic, politic, and environment. Therefore, downstream ones call for regional integration among riparian states along Mekong River. Moreover, Mekong River Committee plays significant role in coordinating and promoting cooperation in Mekong River Basin. Many referendums and treaties have been signed in order to ensure the sustainable use of resources and benefits. In addition, Greater Mekong River embraces China to negotiation and cooperation. We will see the role of GMS to solving the internal conflict in Mekong River.

The Gender of Sports Essay -- Athletics Men Women Essays

The Gender of Sports What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex (e.g. women enter body building, power lifting, boxing; men enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)? In today's society, particularly in the United States, an individual entering a non-traditional sport for his/her gender takes on many tasks besides playing the sport, the individual also takes on the criticism (good or bad) of people who play the sport and those who watch it too. There are many social and cultural costs as well as benefits, but to what extent mostly depends on the sport and the sex of the player. The biggest thing that creates a social and cultural cost in the world of sports is change. People have a hard time coping with a change in the norm, especially when people are not welcome still to this day that women play sports. So as soon as a man/woman wants to do something different, there will always be controversy that will include harassment of the individual from sexual orientation to class, or simply what this change could do to the particular sport in the long run. A man entering a "women's" sport is very different than a woman entering a "man's" sport. There is more praise given to a woman entering a male-dominated sport and more disapproval given to a man entering a female-dominated sport. For example, when the ABL and WNBA, particularly when the WNBA, started up, many people questioned whether women could play professionally and handle the pressure of living up to the NBA. As soon as commercial ads came out for the WNBA league, it was done in a fashion to show that the WNBA did consist of straight women and it was not a league for... ...lp the society. In the short run there may be a slow start to the idea of the intermingling of sexes playing sports, but sport is such a moneymaking machine, sometimes change is what is needed in order to create ideas of marketing and in the long run it will be successful. The costs and benefits of this crossing over may vary from one society to another, but the biggest cost would be an unsuccessful emergence, which would just bring us back to the starting point. The biggest cultural and social benefit may be for that individual who succeeded in this non-traditional sport and will be used as a marketing tool. It may also create opportunities for the organization itself or society, like jobs in coaching, marketing or any other business in the area of change. It is also another way for an individual to have the chance to accomplish one's desire for the American Dream.

America’s Two Assemblies Essay

Introduction The U.S. government is composed of a bicameral Congress. The first one is the Senate, which is represented equally by the states. The second one is the House of Representatives, which is represented by population. This setup is proposed by the Connecticut Compromise, which combines the proposal of New Jersey and Virginia regarding the issues surrounding the creation of a new Congress. New Jersey, one of the smaller states, insisted that each state should have equal representation in the Congress. But the Virginia Plan argued that a legislature based on population is more fitting. So as a result, the two proposals were combined satisfactorily forming the two houses of the Congress (Lader 2002, 55). The U.S. Senate, or the upper house, is bestowed with different powers, one of which is the power to approve the laws and treaties created by the presidential or the executive branch of the government, as well as the ones coming from the lower house. It approves the laws and treaties by the virtue of two-thirds of votes of the whole Senate population. If that number is not reached, the law can be outwardly rejected, shelved, or is requested to be amended (Powers and Procedures 2006, 1). The lower house, or the House of Representatives, on the other hand, is bestowed the power to create bill which, in turn will turn into a law that the whole nation will follow, and eventually, benefit from. The House of Representatives meets to create bills and resolutions, discusses them, and passes them on to the Senate for further review and ratification (The Legislative Process 2006, 1). These are the basic functions of both the Houses. The functions of creating laws will be further discussed in this paper to show that these two assemblies are essential in any system of government to ensure checks and balances on government power. II. Making a Law A bill starts from an idea of a person. It won’t matter if he is a part of the Congress, a social group or organization, or just a regular citizen. The idea then is brought to the House of Representatives so that they can hear out the pros and cons about it. A group especially designed to cater to the needs and the interest of that idea hears it. For example, if the idea is about education, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce handles it. The law starts from a single thought that is processed and formed into a bill (Donovan 2004, 6-11). All American law starts out this way – as a bill. A bill is a document that proposes an entirely new law or an amendment to an existing one. The bill can be passed by any member of the Congress, even though the idea of making a law comes from government departments or from political parties, as announced in the party platforms during election campaigns. A bill passed by a member of the House of Representative as projected by the government is called the â€Å"Government Bill.† If an individual member of the Congress passes a bill, it is called a â€Å"Private Member’s Bill† (Brody 2001, 1-3). A bill is not a law yet; it has to be approved first by both the Houses of the Congress, and should be affirmed by the incumbent President. The two Houses of Congress will be assessing the bill and has the power to add proposals to make the necessary changes in it. These proposals are usually debated on; speeches are crafted to pronounce a member’s stand towards the bill. The Congress will be voting towards the approval or the shelving of the bill. Usually, the bill has to be read thrice and has to go through all the necessary changes before it is successfully passed on each House of Congress (Holder 1997, 1-4). Here, we see the interaction of the two Houses of the Congress. A law can impact the nation’s economy, and so that the lawmakers themselves, either from the upper or lower house won’t make a law that would benefit them individually or wholly. Intense deliberation and scrutiny is performed on the every bill that was conceptualized and is passed in the hope that it will be implemented only to benefit the many (Brady & McCubbins 2002, 17). III. The Showcase of Balance The innate need of one House of the Congress for the other shows that there is balance in the legislative branch of the government itself. One cannot exist without the other. A bill will not become a law in the absence of either the houses. There would be no law implemented and conceptualized by just one House alone. A single law has to go through the process as required by both the Houses of the Congress (Sajo 1999, 69). These laws, on the other hand, will not become valid without being finalized and approved by the executive branch of government, which is composed of the President and his Cabinet. The final say still belongs to the Head of State. But he cannot influence the Congress as to what laws they should make or ratify. The executive branch can propose and lobby for a bill, but it cannot fully instruct the Congress to just pass it in its favor. Even if the bill is proposed from the above, it still has to go through the same processes. No special treatment is given (Sajo 1999, 89). At this point, the balance between the two branches of the government, namely executive and legislative becomes evident. The President of the United States in his supreme power and capacity, cannot, in any way, influence the Congress to absolutely work for him. He cannot mandate what laws he wanted to be created and passed over to him for finalization. In essence, his office is equal to the legislative office. They work in parallel of each other, so that one cannot take advantage of one another (Sajo 1999, 99). Without the Congress doing its job, the President will have the freedom of making laws himself for whatever reasons he finds urgent. And laws have a big impact to a nation. One wrong law could mean economic distress. One selfish law could suppress freedom. One inappropriate law could wreak havoc. Without the Congress, the President will have his absolute power. The U.S. democratic form of government is gone and a totalitarian form of government will take its place. When that happens, the power shifts heavily to the executive branch of the government (Borrelli 2002, 18). Another branch of the government is the judicial branch. Although the branch does not actively participate in the law-making process, it is directly involved in the implementation of such laws. Even if the legislative body makes the laws and the executive finalizes it, they do not participate in the process of making sure that the laws are fully observed and strictly followed by all members of the society. This is the job of the judiciary. The law applies to all, and that includes the lawmakers who created them and the President of the United States himself. Without the judicial branch of government doing its assigned task of maintaining harmony and peace within the nation’s constituents, the laws would become worthless (Berger et al 2001, 606). IV. The Law and the Society A harmonious society simply cannot exist unless the people who belong in it respect all the governing law implemented to a considerable degree. Laws have the power to settle certain issues in the society and the government. If all people respect the law enough, they would choose to reconcile their individual differences to the context of what is right and valid, as provided by the law’s provisions. All laws should be respectable and sound enough to be appreciated by everyone. Law and morality should also come hand in hand; otherwise, the people will have to choose either to lose their morality or their respect of the law. Laws are created so as to maintain justice in the society; therefore law and justice should be one and the same in the minds of the people (Bastiat 2004, 22). Lawmakers should take it upon themselves to make and amend laws according to the interests of the general public and not for their own personal gains. Laws should help accelerate the resolution of current social conflicts and national dilemma. Every law in the land should represent their citizens accordingly. The law is so powerful it can make a society; and that power is also enormous enough to destroy it in a rather big and convincing way (Lempert & Sanders 1986, 15-20). And this is the main responsibility bestowed upon the shoulders of the legislative branch of government. A balanced government cannot exist in the absence of the Congress. The power will swing indefinitely to either the judicial or the executive branch. And the result of that can prove to be perilous to the society (Lempert & Sanders 1986, 26-27). V. Conclusion The American law is intensely compiled, created, and enacted to serve a greater purpose in the society. The burden of enhancing the laws does not depend solely on the solons and lawmakers. We, as individual members of the society, have an immense duty to promote and participate in the creation of these laws as well. We have to be active members of the society and have to make a mark for our own good. We should all help the legislative branch to preserve the balance of power in the government and the society. Works Cited Bastiat, Frederick. (2004). The Law. Montana: Kessinger Publishing. Berger, Marsall J., Schatz Gerald S., Laufer Deborah S. (2001). Federal Administrative Dispute Resolution Deskbook. Illinois: American Bar Association. Borrelli, Maryanne. (2002). The President’s Cabinet: Gender, Power, and Representation. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Brady, David W & McCubbins, Matthew D. (2002). Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress. California: Stanford University Press. Brody, David C. (2001). Criminal Law. Maryland: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Donovan, Sandy. (2004). Making Laws: A Look at How a Bill Becomes a Law. Minnesota: Lerner Publications. Holder, Angela R. (1997). The Meaning of the Constitution. New York: Barron’s Educational Series. Lader, Curt. (2002). Barrons How to Prepare for the Ap U.S. Government and Politics. New York: Barron’s Educational Series. Lempert, Richard & Sanders Joseph. (1986). An Invitation to Law and Social Science: Deserts, Disputes and Distribution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Powers & Procedures. (2006). United States Senate. [Online] Available at http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/powers.htm. Sajo, Andras. (1999). Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism. New York: Central European University Press. The Legislative Process. (2006). United State House of Represenatives. [Online] Available at http://www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml.